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- Semicentralised water supply and treatment: options for the dynamic curban area of Hanoi, Vietnam
- Hanoi,the capital of Vietnam, is experiencing rapid urbanisation coupled with high econ-
Omic growth rates.This situation is both a challenge and an opportunity for the upgrading of existing technical in frastructures.Regarding wastewater treatment,the situation in Hanoi today is characterised by a lack of wastewater treatment plants, processing only as mall fraction of the accumulating wastewater. Prevalent means of sanitation are septic tanks installed under buildings for the collection of domestic wastewaters, with overfowing liquids draining into the groundwater in an uncontrolled manner. This decentralised means of sanitation is there fore currently not able to clean domestic wastewaters in an effective way.This paper explores circumstances under which a semi-centralised approach can offer a sustainable solution to cope with these challenges in Hanoi.The approach has been designed to meet the challenges of fast growing urban areas around the world.
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- Information on research results, R&D Code: B2009 - 03- 69- TĐ
- Project Title: Study the Scientific Basics for Planning of Solid waste Management in Second Category Cities to the year 2010 and orientation up to the year 2010 - Applying for Ha Long City- Quang Ninh Province. Task force team leader:Assoc. Prof. Nguyen Thi Kim Thai, Head- Environmental Technology & Management. Implementing Organization: National University of Civil Engineering. Implementing duration: 02 year
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- Improved septic tank with constructed wetland,
a promising decentralized wastewater treatment alternative in Vietnam
- The decentralized wastewater management approach has a true potential in Vietnam, also in urban and peri-urban areas where centralized wastewater collection and treatment systems are often not affordable. In urban areas of Vietnam, the conventional septic tank is the most common on-site wastewater treatment facility. However, the system has a limited treatment performance, and can not provide the treatment required to reach national effluent standards and to avoid water pollution. This paper presents an innovative way to improve the treatment efficiency of septic tanks. The Improved Septic Tank, also known as Baffled Septic Tank with or without Anaerobic Filter (BAST or BASTAF), developed and studied at the Centre for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial areas (CEETIA), Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, represents a valuable and promising alternative to the conventional septic tank.
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- Selection of sustainable sanitation arrangements
- To meet the Millennium Development Goal for sanitation around 440,000 people will have to be provided with adequate sanitation every day during 2001 – 2015, and the corresponding figure to meet the WHO/UNICEF target of “sanitation for all” by 2025 is around 480,000 people per day during 2001 – 2025. The provision of sanitation services to such huge numbers necessitates action on an unprecedented scale. This is made even more difficult by the general lack of knowledge on the part of professionals and the intended beneficiaries about which sanitation arrangement is the most appropriate under which circumstances. A sanitation selection algorithm, which considers all the available sanitation arrangements, including ecological sanitation and low-cost sewerage, and which is firmly based on the principles of sustainable sanitation, is developed as a guide to identify the most appropriate arrangement in any given situation, especially in poor and very poor rural and periurban areas in developing countries.
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- Decentralized Sanitation Implementation in Vietnam: A Peri-Urban Case Study
- This research presents one of the first comprehensive case studies of a small-scale wastewater management project in Vietnam. The research aims to show how a decentralized wastewater management approach could be effective in peri-urban areas in Vietnam. Using the case of a community environmental project in peri-urban Hanoi, the research demonstrates how small-scale wastewater management based on improved household participation and community management of decentralized structures can be a suitable option in peri-urban and small urban areas in Vietnam.
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